Polio, Cystic Fibrosis and Hypothyroidism

poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis, commonly referred to as polio is bugger off by acute viral infection from its causative agent, the poliovirus. The virus belongs to the enterovirus family and consists of a naked RNA range of mountains (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). The route of spread is fecal oral, similar to nigh another(prenominal) members of the enterovirus class. The initial infection occurs in the mouth and throat, resulting in the secretion of the virus from the salivary secretory organs and its subsequent entry into the gastrointestinal tract.Virus multiplication occurs in the mucosa of the intestines and in lymph nodes, a process that causes symptoms associated with a transitory viremia. Most polio infections do not surface clinic anyy about 1% of infected individuals tin the consequences of central nervous invasion by the virus (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). This invasion start manifests as meningeal irritation. But the more or less debilitating effects are seen when it proceeds to the spinal cord, infecting the motor neurons.This invasion causes wasting of muscles and loss of reflexes a disability that persists for the rest of the patients life (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1374). Two types of vaccines pass on been developed and supremacyfully administered for the poliovirus. The Salk type is fixed in formalin and contains killed specimens of all terce major strains of the poliovirus more commonly, the oral Sabin type vaccine is employ which contains live attenuated virus specimens of all three strains as well.The success of the vaccine in nearly eliminating the virus from developed countries and from most of the create world is based on the fact that this virus, like smallpox, only infects humans. Additionally, it is puke from an infected individual for a small period of time it does not change its antigenic molecular makeup through mutations and the vaccine confers sprightliness immunity (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 364). Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is one of the most widespread patrimonial distempers, especially in the Caucasian populations (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p.489).It is an autosomal recessive disease, therefore most carriers of the abnormal allele present with no symptoms. The prime underlying cause of this condition is a mutation on the chromosome 7, in a constituent that has been named cystic fibrosis transconductance regulator gene. This gene codes for a protein that forms a transmembrane channel that actively regulates the crucial transfer of electrolytes across the membrane, notably the chloride ion. The rate and volume of this post is also modulated by intra- and extra- jail cellular signals (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p.490).Once electrolyte pith of the secretions is compromised, it leads to varying water content in extracellular compartments and causes a wide range of debilitating symptoms in different tracts. The most common clinical presentation is respirat ory sorrow in newborn babies. The extremely viscid secretions in the lungs result in recurrent and severe respiratory infections. Moreover, the increased tissue resistance of the lungs results in an increased right-heart workload, which may cause right heart failure.These complications are the most common cause of cystic fibrosis-related deaths in USA. The pancreas is also frequently conglomerate the exocrine part is hit the hardest. This insufficiency results in protein and fat malabsorption which leads to other complications including insufficient absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and edema due to decreased levels of plasma proteins (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 494-495). in that location have been several advances in the management of this disease.Improved control of respiratory infections and lung displace has given encouraging results children and young adults who have had both their lungs transplanted have a survival rate of 70%. Heart, liver, and pancreas transplants have also shown favorable results (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 495). Hypo thyroidalism Hypothyroidism is defined as below normal levels of production or action of the thyroid hormone (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1167). The thyroid hormone has widespread effects on the trunk in regard to regulation of the metabolic rate of all tissues.Hypothyroidism is of three types primary, resulting innate problems of the thyroid secondary, due to improper functioning of the pituitary gland and tertiary, caused by a deficiency of the hypothalamus. The most common type of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas is primary, resulting from immune reaction to the thyroid gland itself, a condition cognize as Hashimoto thyroiditis. In this disorder, the immune system causes cell death in thyroid tissue either by direct cell toxicity or by antibody-mediated reactions (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1167-1170).An antibody against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, which resides on t he cell surface of thyroid tissue, is most frequently found in patients of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Clinically, this disorder presents as a swelling of the thyroid with no symptom of trouble the swelling is commonly diffuse and equal in size and flesh on both sides (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1170). The disease progresses slowly and insidiously, manifested by lack of efficacy and dullness, often mistaken for depression. Cognitive functions are also impaired and corpulency has been reported.Decreased sympathetic activity causes gastrointestinal problems. Since the thyroid hormone directly regulates cardiac calcium influx, a decrease in cardiac output is seen, followed by lowered stamina in the patient (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1168). Diagnosis is made by serological investigations, TSH levels in serum being the most tippy indicator of thyroid function TSH levels are actually elevated in response to lowered thyroxine levels in primary hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine is t he drug of choice for such patients (Kumar, Abbas & Fausto, 2004, p. 1169).

Old Man Asleep

This essay aims to take how three poems are similar in some ways unless yet divers(prenominal) in some circumstances. Two of them are pen by the same poet and so should theatrical role some characteristics, which she uses throughout her writing.Elizabeth Jennings wrote honest-to-god Man drowsing(prenominal), which is about a lonely old valet de chambre who has no one, alone due to his anger and pride curbks companionship nevertheless rejects it when offered and because of this he cannot wait to die. Elizabeth Jennings as well expresses this feeling of wanting to die in Eighty One Years honest-to-goodness also. The old wo bit in this poem wants to be left alone, but she wont be and so the plainly time she is happy is when she is by herself.Warning by Jenny Joseph is also about old age but it expresses different eyeshots, such as the lady in this poem cannot wait to be old so she can make whoopie it.A similarity percentd by in each(prenominal) three of the poems is that they good deal with old age. Elizabeth Jennings dialog about the house ridden, befuddled old aged soulfulness, whilst Jenny Joseph dialog about the mobile hireling who roams around.Old Man slumbrous has no rhyming pattern, this is a top shared by Jenny Josephs Warning. Old Man Asleep has a four-stanza structure and this is a similarity, which is shared by the other poems.Old Man Asleep has a morbid tone. It is dark as it talks about ending, it provides a vague image of an old man because it does not use adjectives ands the reader cannot picture what the scene looks like. This morbid tone is shared by Eighty One Years Old. The same poet writes these poems and Elizabeth Jennings could on place do this, there is nothing, which can be utilise metaphorically to compare the morbid ness of death. This is completely different to the imagery used in Warning, it is bright and uses warm colours even though it is dealings with a painful subject. The reason for this is that sh e is welcoming old age,When I am old I shall wear purple.Old Man Asleep is written in the first person narrative, which is the same method used in 81 years old this makes it an autobiographical piece. The discrimination among Old Man Asleep and the other poems is its structure. Every fifth job is indented, and does not need a full stop to finish a line. The content is also different. It talks about a man loathed by those around him and ignores the help given to him. There is only one person who loves him his wife who is blinded by love so she does not see his cold exterior.All are afraid, except his wife who must aim kept the image of Him being gentle, does not see hes changed.This old man could have once being superior and has found it hard that he has nothing left so he treats life and those around him bitterly.Eighty-One years old is similar to Old Man asleep distributively line starts with a capital letter, but it has a difference as it rhymes irregularly to the pattern of (ABBACC), it is the only poem which rhymes. The content is also different. It talks about a woman who is cared for, but she does not care she wants to be left to wither and die. This is similar to Old Man Asleep as it also written in the fist person narrative. It also deals with death and the way the elderly depend on others. The people in both(prenominal) these poems are the same, they feel wasted and want these tolerants to die, but they hide their feelings as they are at work.And guilty thoughts, no doubt, will come To nurses who had wished her out of workThe setting for this poem is a hospice, that is why Elizabeth Jennings mentions peace as that is the purpose of a hospice to offer not a cure but spiritual peace for the patient.Even the priest who brings the Host Cannot provide the peace but stays To join in mumbled words of praise.This point is further turn out as people are always around a patient in a hospice so when they die they know they were not alone.And that is wh at she longs for most- To be alone, when no one stands With filled but with unhelping hands.In Warning by Jenny Joseph, the title suggests and sums up the poem. It is optimistic, she is warning those around her she is changing and the difference between this and the others is that she shows a positive attitude to ageing gracefully and wants to enjoy it whilst the other characters in the other poems cannot wait to die.And make up for the waterlessness of my youth. (Warning By Jenny Joseph)She wants to die and all of us moderate although we do not say (Eighty-One years old by Elizabeth Jennings)He hates, yet wants, our pity, Having so little time To find clemency for his own near death (Old Man Asleep by Elizabeth Jennings).Another difference is the tone it is lively, whilst the others are metaphorically dark. This poem, which has a different narrative style for each stanza.When I am Old is when she starts to woolgather of what life will be like for her. You can wear this is a con versation with someone. She assertively suggests what she is going to do.I shall go out in my slippers in the rain.A difference to the other poems is that it is written boor like. A child uses long sentences and regularly repeats itself to get its point across. This is shown in the poem as there is a lot of repetition of And and shall. And I shall spend my pension on brandy and summer glovesI enjoyed reading all three poems as it gave a insight into the life of an elderly person, the poets deal with the same topic but they have a different view towards it. Elizabeth Jennings poems have more similarities, than differences compared to Jenny Josephs. This is because even though they are different poems they are written by the same poet and so will share some attributes.I believe these are good poems as they share the same theme old age, I have shown similarities and difference, which show the comparison of these poems, but how they are different especially with their views.

Rape of nanking outline

The Rape of Nanking was a mass get rid of and war rape the all occurred in the period of six weeks. The Nipponese e saw themselves as the superior race compared to the Chinese. There were okay intimately 500,000 people living in Nan king when the Japanese attacked. Over 300,000 CIA villains were killed by the Japanese in brutal ways that tear down the Nazis living in Anion g at the time were horrified.The Japanese had a long standing contempt for the Chine SE as a people. Being an island terra firma in the shadow of the much larger mainland China for so much of its history bred a healthy balance suggest and nationalism. The Rape of Nanking occurred in just a few weeks late in 1937 to early 1938. When people are asked to describe the Nanking Massacre the most co moon response is six weeks of hell. The Japanese army began to zero in on Nanjing The the the official dates of the war were December 9 , 1937 and lasted tell January 17 1938.The Japanese believed they were superior to all races. Therefore what atrocity they committed in Nanking were justified to them. The direct cause was the impanel Army took Nanking and wanted to note by raping and murdering thus ands of civilians. During which an estimated 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians we re killed, and 20,000 women were raped. The Japanese had troops push button down from the north while a troop was way sound for them down south. Inside Nanjing was about 70,000 troops and a quarter king of beasts civilians.The troops would begin bringing their own trucks through the city an d not long after that the troops were seen loading people into the trucks by dozens. Nevertheless, most of the Japanese have remembered what happened to the Asian nations including to the people in Nanjing, and the Japanese has lived as a pep useful nation, from the reflection to the war. Being an island nation in the shadow of the much larger for so much of its history bred a healthy balance of fear and nationalism.

Harper: Cost and Attractive Markets Essay

How good is the product? The product in theory has great potential able to save cost in two major industries, ceramics in paints. Looking at both independently 1) Paints Potentially 12 18 cents of savings to original estimations, however look for with client has shown great difficulty. Was not working well due to suspension problems, was unable to feel the right shine for wasting disease in whitened paints. Furthermore, once quality of end product was acceptable, savings was found to be 3cents per a gallon, which was deemed not worthwhile. However more wear on file on machinery due to abrasive properties of domimite. 2) ceramics Huge initial investment to modify over the dies precisely estimated to be a large number of advantages a. force- come to the fore of tile improves b. Minimal moisture expansion c. If using upd more than 20% thermal expansion goes down reducing tile mfg time. d. Low temperature in kiln e. Reduces Variable cost of tile by 17% through the above mecha nisms. Tile industry Fixed cost is huge due to machinery, jab etc. However actual tests have not been so conclusive. temporary hookup advantages of them are seen, there have been issues with warping and with cracks. Penetration with smaller suppliers but failed to interest medium and large manufacturers.What obstacles has Harper encountered in developing the merchandise for Dominite? Single source player, very unattractive to large customers Testing has been chimerical Failed to set right mixture Failed to sale the higher grade existent Penetrated the wrong market segmentShould Harper try to sell the Dominite transaction? It Depends How lots for? For the right price, certainly. It comes down to how realistic are the new projections that came out in 1985. Can we really meet those targets? I doubt it. How much do we exact to sell to teddy even? Assuming we use 1985 costs for 1986 we would need to sell? Doing the math I assumed everything was a fixed cost except for the 35% o f the plant cost(if I took anything else as a variable cost it would go more than the price)giving us a VC of 48. There fore we would have needed to sell 54 thousand units which is way way way more. I do feel that exchange costs and admin costs should be part of variable costs, but when I calculate it that way our VC is more than our price which is fucked up.Basically we really need to sell more or sell the entire division. If the decision is not to sell the Dominite operation, what changes should be made in the true gross revenue programme? What are the more or less attractive markets? What liberty chit should be presented in foothold of value proposition and price? Basically our sales are not doing too well. Take one look at the original projections and our current sales data. Stuff of nightmares. The question is how can we improve it? We have been using trade shows, industry magazines and cold calls. They have gone as removed as to leverage their contacts within the pain industry but it is calm down not clicking. I think we need to spend some knockout R&D time. Our sales pitch so far has been hey, use some dolomite and shit pass on get better. My recommendation would to very figure out what formula works for which application and actually become like we know what we are talking closely when we go to the customer.The most attractive markets are obviously paint and ceramic given our product. permit us look at each one of those individually 1) Ceramic 33% of market is 4 big guys, this is key. Any one of them will buy 40 60 thousand tons a family and we will be able to break in. At all costs we must try and get to one of these customers. 33% is medium players amounting to 12 companies. The customer trying to buy us out is in this category. No data on how much they buy but I find it to be a lot less than what we need to even break even 33% left are all small which we have been hitting. 2) Paint 25% of the market is with big guys and 75% with th e small guys. once more we have to target the big players.The small guy stratergy is not cracking it. Though given the technical difficulties with paint and the minor margins we make headway, I am wondering if we should save on those sales resources and move them to ceramics. Our valuation offer is basically price saving and reduced time for manufacturing. Our price is rivalrous with talc which is the product we directly compete with, however we are save making it. Its a hard call and I unavoidableness to discuss with you guys in the meeting tomorrow. Are any changes needed in the Dominite sales organization? First of all we are cannibalizing our own sales resources with the introduction of superfine. I think we need to dedicate resources solely to dominite to make an impact. Second of all all the above points I made about hitting the right market segments.

Best essay ever

Grouping atomic number 63 into 3 segments WWW Super Nozzles in atomic number 63 Wool No clear sales goals. result in Industrial Chemicals 02 Different markets 03 Growth in Europe 04 Other areas of the world 05 raw vocalize ventures 06 New branded sub-assemblies 07 Growth in Plastics 08 Growth in Canada 09 Manufacturing in Europe THREATS TO Extra fees in Europe TO Fragmented media in Europe TO cultural barriers in Europe TO New competitors TO G everyplacenment Solutions AY Create a Joint venture with a company in a single farming in Europe.Europe is too big of an area with too many antithetic languages and cultures for a small company eke Kinesics. They need to narrow their focus on one country. Also, by creating a Joint venture they can get around all or some of the fees that make their European product up to 45% more(prenominal) expensive. The idea seems to be working well in Canada. If it goes well, hold more Joint ventures in other countries in Europe.PROS CONS Pl more na rrow target market CLC less potential sales UP better understanding of market CO less control over operations UP reduced fees CO share profits chair Europe. Focus efforts on U. S. Where there is still huge potential for growth. slip away sales from Canada and Japan. Pl no wasted efforts/money in Europe CLC retire European sales UP more energy put away towards U. S.CO less international exposure UP safe decision CO Company growth may slow down Exhibit 1 SSL Exclusive rights to the mixing device without moving parts SO impertinent components, branded products came in standard sizes that could be plugged in to breathing machinery SO Choosing target applications and selling merely branded subassembly to them, management was sunny with the financial returns of this strategy SO It appeared that Canadian Kinesics would double their sales from 1972-1973 SO Good ales in synthetic fibers, pulp and paper, industrial chemicals, plastics, waste application, make company versatile SO Onl y 6 sizes of Super Nozzles were postulate to cover U. S. Arrests SO New product that no one else had, only company with the technology SO More organized than European sales, over 1 million orders SIS Created multiple branded subassembly and able to create custom components.

My Heroes Essay

My Heroes was written by Elizabeth berg, who has published m any popular books since 1993. In the article, crisphead lettuce told us that real mavenes were ordinary people round us. Because Bergs daughter chose her friend as a hero who rescue her from drowning in a creek, Berg realized a hero wouldnt necessitate to be a famous person. When Mrs. Zinz, an eighth-grade English teacher, was harassed by Berg and her friend, she wasnt angry. Mrs. Zinz didnt lower herself and become mean. Another hero in Bergs mind was her grandfather who was kind, warm and friendly. He liked to make his grandchild laugh.Sylvia, Bergs sustain-in-law, could enjoy her retirement spiritedness but instead, she went back to school to get a college diploma. Berg esteem her because of her love of realizeing. Moreover, there were the people that Berg admired because of their jobs, such as mail carriers, nurses, stay-at-home over cling tos, and working mothers. Many people argon around us every day, but y ou may not realize that they are heroes. However, Berg believes that if you face at them in a different way, you would recognize that they are heroes. After I read Bergs essay, I think she was right.Heroes are not only the greatest people in history but also the ordinary people in our lives. They teach us small lessons and touch us in a softly way. My heroes are people who inspire arrogance in me since I was a child, who are brave enough to shift for things which are foul and unconscionable, and who swear out and protect the weak groups in our community. My mother is one of my heroes, who always tells me I must be a self-confident person. Worrying about foreigner things, fearing failures, and having a negative attitude were part of my character when I was a child. One day, my mother took me to the ice-skating center.She privationed me to relieve oneself up my confidence during the bring of learning ice-skating. When we were ready to skate, she said, I wont hold your give way. You should learn it by yourself. At that moment, I thought my mother was a devil. I buttressed the handrail and moved slowly. I hold offed like a youngster who was learning to walk. After I got used to it, I took off my hand from the handrail. Within a minute, I slid on the ice, lost my balance, and fell use up. I asked for help by informing my mother with eye contact. Get up I know you can do it, she encouraged me with supportive words.Finally, I got up but fell down again a a few(prenominal) minutes later. I cried and yelled madly, I dont want to skate anymore. Its so painful. I want to leave founding fathert give up, my sweetheart. Take out your confidence. After you learn it by yourself, you will realize all the pain that you vanquish is worth it. My mother said it tenderly. I saw a devil that became an angel. These words hit been engraved in my heart deeply. I should not have doubted and looked down on my ability. After countless failures, I could fly on the ice . The comfort of success was the best feeling that I have ever had.My mother let me understand learning from failure was a way to build up confidence. My aunt, Jodie Li, who is a normal housewife in China, is also a hero of mine. I admire her because she is brave enough to fight for any unfair and unconscionable acts. When Jodie was on the bus, she saw a man who was fetching advantage of a teenage girl who was too afraid to yell. Jodie halt and grabbed the pervert, pulled the girls to hide behind her, and called the police. She did not think too much. At that time, she honourable wanted the pervert to get caught. If I were her, I wouldnt have had enough courage to rescue the girl.In addition, Jodie fought with a company because they super supercharged her extra money on her bill. The company didnt notify Jodie that they had charged her many unknown fees. Jodie was furious. She kept investigating the reason. Finally, the company made a compromise and apologized to her. Besides t hat, Jodie found out that someone cheated while she was victorious the paper driving test. She thought it was really unfair because she studied grueling on the test. She told the examiner immediately. Sometimes, we would overlook something since its not related to us. However, Jodie couldnt pretend that didnt happen.Her attitude affected me. I cannot stay quietly when some unfair and unconscionable things happen to me. I have to fight for myself. Beyond that, there are people who are my heroes because they help and protect the weak groups in our community. Social workers work with people who are homeless, cast or have family problems and try their best to help people overcome problems and make people lives better. Police officers who have responsibility of protecting the residents risk their lives to arrest criminals. Ambulance staff who stand-by, rushes to the scene of the ccident, and rescues many people.Volunteers with animals who defend the animals selflessly look after the stray dogs or cats as pets. Heroes are everywhere. It depends on how you look at them. Have you ever thought about who were your heroes around you? Berg figured out her heroes, and so did I. My heroes are people who give confidence to me since I was a child, who are courageous enough to fight against unfair and unconscionable actions, and who help and shield the weak groups in our community. These people godly me in a different way, in a different city, and in a different moment.

Origin of Science and the Crusade

But when we look at the tarradiddle of the world Egyptian, Greeks, Roman, Persian, Mongolia, Saracen, British, Dutch, Portuguese, Chinese, Indian and any others had been the super power in distinct periods of the history. Yet when we talk anybody aroutine a scientific Inventions and discoveries or study leap In the scientific crackment most collapsible shelter to tear their fingers towards the Europe if It Is onward 18th century and towards the USA if it is after 1 9th century. This sort of behavior is deep down in our minds. But is this reclaim?If so, why the non-European nations were super power? For this I think we put unity over to give in a Journey in the history of recognition from the beforehand(predicate) Egyptians. In this short article I would kindred to take an excursion bout the origins of acquisition, where there the history had been littered with galore( mooringnominal) manipulation and misconception. According to many in the world the science was begun by Greeks and was authentic by the post renaissance Europe. As the same time wholly the great cultures like Persian, Egyptian, Chinese and Indian had no clue regarding the science.But when we look at the history of these civilizations we rotter understand how developed they were in the history. Egyptians were one of the early races before Greeks who were developed in the Science. They were well versed In anatomy (for art), astronomy and astrology, which ere inseparably linked in ancient Egypt, biology and veterinary medicine, chemistry, geography, geology, history, law, geometry, medicine, mineralogy, pedagogy(education), philosophy, physics, sociology and righteousness 1. Irrigation scheme of Nile, tall standing pyramids and the mummies be some example of scientific feat of the Egyptians.Geometry was applied in the Egypt for tax purposes before the so called Euclid of Greece wrote the keep back of The Elements. Here comes some other manipulation of History again in the ch ance variable of Euclid. umteen text edition edition sustains refer Euclid was a white male at last from Greece and ivied in Alexandria around three century B. C. But no such person was alive on this mother earth. The author of this book is a black woman from Alexandria who lived around fifth century C. E. 2 From these arguments we give the axe assure that the Greek were not the first one to begin the Science. right away lets plow the development of Science. If we consider the manipulated version of the science history, we get a great blank span of time from the Greek civilization to the renaissance Europe. Where were the text and the sources of these scientific theorems and formulae? Were they 2 Origin of Science and the crusades I Mohamed Gammy Shifter_209110164 hide in the Mount Olympus? No. They were translated taken into custody by another civilization which have contri plainlyed to the many of the scientific development and not impute to it.Yes it was taken into the custody by Islamic Civilization. They hold these texts of Greek until the crusades 2. The tungsten claims that the Muslim merely translated the works of Greek and maintain it. They never did develop the ideas in the text. This argument is absurd. The Muslims practically ruled from the shore Atlantic ocean to the boarders of China. And they Just preserved these texts which cost a fortune with the papyrus technology. Many books from capital of Iraq Library were destroyed by the invasion of Mongols over Jeremiah on 13th century C. E.But the contributions of All stack away Sins (Vicua) whose The Book of Healing was text book for medicine in many medieval universities3, Legalize lay in al Haitian, Jabber bin Hays, AAA Affair, Muhammad bin Carrying al Razz, Bin al-Naifs were inevitable in the scientific history. All bin Shall Arabian al-Tabor was an Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist of Zoroastrian descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedias of medicine. Even the number dust we apply today was introduced systems Lets have brief a look on the other civilizations which contributed to the science.Like the crest on the peacocks head, like the gem in the cobras hood, so stands mathematics Oat the head of all the sciences. Vided literature of Indian Culture is make full with concepts of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. Arguably, the origins of Calculus lie in India ccc years before Leibniz and Newton. Algebraic theories was developed by Rapacity who lived in 5th century C. E. ND another mathematician Backbenchers was the first to was the first to consider of differential calculus in 12th century. Most of us are familiar with Roman numerals.Think you are sitting in a class doing Calculus using Roman numerals. You are going to write 1788 in Roman numerals it will be ANTICLIMACTIC. You even cant think of doing calculus by using this number system. From this we can conclude that calculus was not developed or used in early Europe. past Indians development in chemistry was also in a higher level and used in a variety of practical activities. In any early civilization, metallurgy has remained an activity central to all civilizations from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, to all other civilizations that followed Indian achieved the higher level of metallurgy.By the side of Stub small fry in New Delhi, there is an iron pillar erected during Array rainbow fish period around 500 AD. This pillar is 7. 32 meters tall, and has a margin of 40 CM in the bottom and 30 CM at the top. It has been standing in the open for last 1500 years, withstanding the wind, heat and weather, but motionlessness has not rusted, except minor natural erosion. This kind of rust evidence iron (steel) was discovered very few decades fore by motley carbon with iron 4. 3 In addition, the Chinese Dynasty in the further East was producing gunpowder, paper and establishing printing presses.Moreover, the Calendar syst em was introduced by capital of Jordan civilization that is very famous for predicting apocalypse of the earth. From the above arguments, one can conclude that science was not only originated from Greece and it originated universally. Then how did the story Science was originated in Greece came into play? Moreover, where was it originated? These questions can be answered in two round-eyed words Church and Power. From the time hen the state and the church building merge, Church initiated the program of distorting history to promote its power.This technology of falsehood was right off applied to manage common perceptions5. During the crusades, church captured many text and tent to use them. But theological aspects would not allow them to use a Muslim knowledge. Therefore, they manipulated their people by saying that the knowledge Arab had was belonged to Greeks. Arabs Just preserved it. This story enabled the universities in Europe to use translated Arabic books without contradictin g their theology. But on the Arabs side, it was a different story.They built Batty al Hickman (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad they gathered knowledge from all over the world, including India, Persia and China. They certainly did not shackle themselves to Greek Arabs only had sources to Greeks. So all the knowledge which was acquired from Batty al Hickman in Baghdad became the Greeks, So did all the scientific inventions and discoveries. This theory is existence promoted by many scholars of the present too. Here is an example from Lost in the Cosmos by Walker Percy . .As Whitehead pointed out, it is no coincidence that science sprang, not from Ionian metaphysics, not from theBrahmins-Buddhist-Taoist East, not from the Exceptionally astrological South, but from the heart of the Christian West, that although Galileo fell out with the Church, he would hardly have taken so much trouble studying Jupiter and dropping objects from towers if the earthly concern and value and order of things had not first been conferred by belief in the Incarnation. 6. So anyone from any country has the right to say that their ancestors were also one of the pioneers of the science. It is time stand up against the West only theory. The Europeans not only colonized our countries but also our education system.They left our countries long ago. Now it is time to decolonize our education system. And the way we think. 4 References 1Dunn. Ancient Egyptian Science retrieved from http//www. Torturers. Net/ featureless/sciences . HTML 2 Raja, C. K. Euclid and Jesus. Multiversity. 3 http//www. Evangelicalism. Org/ 4 Science, Medicine, Technology in Ancient India retrieved from http// www. Crystalline. Com/indecencies. HTML 5 Raja, C. K. Is science western in origin?. Multiversity. 6 Percy, W. Lost in the Cosmos retrieved from http//www. Columbia. Deed/cue/Augustine/a/science_origin. HTML 5

Hallstead Jewelers Essay

Hallstead Jewelers was one of the largest jewellery and indue stores in the United States for 83 years. Customers came from throughout the region to buy from encompassing collections in each department. Any gift from Hallsteads had an extra squirrel away attached to it as they were known for having the best. Even though the principal retail shopping areas shifted two blocks west, Hallsteads reputation and selection still brought in customers. In 1999 however, sales became stagnate and profits were starting to slip. The owners (two sisters, Gretchen and Michaela) made several(prenominal) changes in an effort to revitalize the store back to its full glory. The largest end they made was to move the stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and interchange staff. This move resulted in a five-year lease as well as extensive and expensive renovations.They also made some changes in crossway offerings and offered more sales potential at the cost of minor reductions in margins. Du ring the year it took to complete the Hallsteads renovation the industry started showing major(ip) changes toward internet based jewellery sales. Tiffany & Company, a business with an origin oftentimes like Hallstead Jewelers, grew into an international powerhouse. At the same time, a start-up internet seller, racy Nile, became the second largest diamond seller in the U.S. While Hallsteads was suppuration their fixed costs by doubling their rent payments, Tiffany and Blue Nile were add-on their revenue with virtual storefronts allowing them to increase sales with very little increase in expense. In an effort to explore ideas in strategy that would guide the business to profitability, the sisters compiled some questions for their accountant to analyze using some extra operating statistics.2.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASEInherited business tradition.Changing in management style.Reduce in sales and profit from year 2003 2004.In 2004, moving stores location, expanding it by 50% more s pace and sellingstaff. great loss in year 2006.Changing in market conduct and growing of new competitors.3.0 CASE SOLUTIONS & ANALYSISQuestion 1 How has the breakeven draw in number of sales tickets (number of customer orders written) and breakeven in sales dollars changed from 2003, to 2004, and to 2006? haw has the margin of safety changed? What caused the changes? The total variable and fixed costs induce been categorised in the following income statement of Hallstead Jewelers Hallstead Jewelers

Pedro Calungsod

convey REVIEW(Pagsusuri ng Pelikula)While Calungsods importance in our countrys history is indisputable, his significance as a compelling subject for a feature length film is an t by ensemble different matter. If the films narrative is anything to go on, Calungsods liveness history is nothing more than a series of drudging sermons that ultimately hire to an untimely death on the beach. The film itself does its best to remain near to the historical events surrounding Calungsods missionary work, focusing on his life in the Marianas in an effort to baptize the local Chamorro natives. But the devastation result feels more like a dispassionate history lesson than a compelling cinematic experience.PEDRO CALUNGSODThe Filipino SaintTHE MOVIEBUOD(Summary)Pedro Calungsod is a teenage Saint. He Was Killed in Guam at a Very Young age.But Despie his Youthfulness,he was a populace of Character,he was responsible in his Duties at Catechesist,he was firm in depending his faith and he was s teadfast in in shielding his friends. Saint Pedro Calungsod (c. 1654 April 2, 1672) is a Filipino Roman Catholic martyr who was killed while doing missionary work in Guam in 1672. He was beatified on March 5, 2000, by pontiff John Paul II. As a skilled sacristan and instructor of cathecism, he was a companion of Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores to the Marianas Islands. Through their efforts, many put one over the sacra handsts especially that of baptism.A man named Choco became envious of the prestige that the missionaries were gaining among the Chamorros. He started to spread rumors that the baptismal water of the missionaries was poisonous. Because some sickly Chamorro infants who had been baptized died, many believed Choco and eventually apostatized. Choco make an ally in the local medicine man, Macanjas, and the Urritaos, young native men who were given to some immoral practices. These, along with the apostates, began to persecute the missionaries, many of whom were killed .At most seven oclock that morning, founding father Diego and Pedro Calungsod went to the village of Tomhon in Guam because they were told that a baby miss was just born in the village. They went to ask Matapang, the childs father, to bring the baby out for baptism. Matapang had been a Christian and a friend of the missionaries but had apostatized. He angrily refused to sacrifice his baby christened. Those who personally knew Pedro believed that he would have defeated his aggressors and would have freed both himself and Padre Diego if only he had some weapon. But Padre Diego never allowed his companions to carry arms. The faith that was planted in the Marianas in 1668 did not die with Padre Diego, Pedro Calungsod and the first missionaries.It grew, give thankss to the blood of the martyrs and the perseverance of the come through missionaries. Today, Blessed Pedro Calungsod intercedes for the young, in particular those of his native Philippines, and he challenges them. Young f riends, do not hesitate to follow the example of Pedro, who pleased God and was love by him and who, having come to perfection in so short a time, lived a full life. The feast of Blessed Pedro is celebrated every 2 April, the anniversary of his martyrdom.If the date falls within Holy Week or Easter Week, the feast is observed on the Saturday before Passion sunshine as was 2 April in 1672. On 21 October 2012, Pope benedick XVI, in a solemn ceremony at Saint assholes Basilica, will inscribe the name of Blessed Pedro Calungsod in the edict or list of Saints and from then on, the teenage Visayan martyr will be invoked as Saint Pedro Calungsod or San Pedro Calungsod.REFLECTION Tama ba ang Napanuod ko?NAME DELA CRUZ, human SUBJECT Philippine History and Nationalism TIME 830-1000AM MOVIE REVIEWNot so long ago, I finally came into a certain savvy that Filipino films will always be inclined into melodrama The sappy music, utmost(prenominal) displays of physical animation to accompany th e drama, and of course, tears. Its a nauseating phenomenon in the Philippine movie industry whenabsolutely done the wrong way. But thank god there are films such as Tatlong Taong Walang Diyos to serve as timeless testaments to the magic that melodrama can create and manifest within ones senses and emotions, from innocent to complex, when done perfectly.The film started with Hitlers rhyming, mouth-foaming speech regarding the strength of his socialist party. Being pose in the times of the Second World War, the film unveils like how a history text book would for a student. But after this run-of-the-mill introduction, its story unfolds like how a poet affects to even the farthest of souls.In plain sight, the film may look like your typical love caught by the tides of war and a period vehicle for its star and producer, Nora Aunor. Granted, the love story arc is already established prior to the complications of the narrative, but I am deeply affect and pleasured how complex the film really was.TATLONG TAONG WALANG DIYOS

Religion, Poverty and Wealth

All Christians intrust that the world and everything in it tolerate been created by beau ideal. They believe that the world is holy, special, divine, worthy of respect and honour. The earth is the Lords, and everything in it, the world, and all who live in it for he founded it upon the seas and established it upon the waters. Psalm 241-2 Because the earth is the Lords, Christians believe they are stewards or caretakers. They should be committed to the kosher human beingagement of the world and its resources.Since the earth has been delegated to muckle by deity they choose to manage it esponsibly and productively for the sake of both their own and subsequent generations. The by-line bible quotes tell us that everything belongs to beau ideal. God made the mountains, the sea, dry priming coat and the skies. They also show that Gods creation reveals his greatness For the Lord is the great God In his hand are the depths of the earth, and the mountain peaks belong to him. The se a is his, for he made it, and his hands form the dry land Psalm 953-6 Christianity teaches us that God is the God of nature, as surface as of religion.God made the fleshly universe, sustains it, and still pronounces it good. God is interested in, nd waitresss subsequently his creation. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. Genesis 1 Christians believe that God made human beings to be like himself. So God created man in his own image male and female he created them. God blessed them and said to them, be fruitful and increase in number, choose the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the variant and over every living creature that moves on the ground. Genesis 127-28 Human beings are godlike beings made in Gods likeness and possessing capacities which agnize them from the animal creation. Since God is interested in the arth, so should the Christian wish to care for all that God has made. God tells man to look after the earth and Ch ristians believe they have a responsible task in Gods plan for creation. God tells man they should care for the world and Christians believe that they should look atter it because ne nas given it to them. Theretore they should respect it and protect it.As well as fondness for the earth, Jesus taught his followers to love God with all their heart, and to love their neighbours as themselves. In Matthew 1916-21 Jesus told a rich, young man that if he wanted eternal life he should love his neighbour as imself, which included selling his processions and giving to the poor. Love of God cannot be disordered from love for humanity. Christians try to live their lives by this rule. Christians believe they should take what they maintain and sing in church, in to their everyday lives, so that it affects all of their life, at home, work, school etc. Religion that God our Father accepts as nice and faultless is this to look after orphans and widows in their distress. pile 127 Christians shou ld truly love their neighbours and should be concerned for their total welfare the well being of their soul, their body, and their community. Christians look to Jesus for an example for their lives. Jesus humbled himself and became powerless and vulnerable to serve people. He healed the sick, feed the hungry and was a friend to the drop out(p)s. He said he did not conform to to be served but to serve.Therefore if the Christian models his or her life on Jesus, it will drive entering into other peoples worlds. Jesus was moved with compassion by the hole of needy human beings and Christians follow this example. Faith and love go together for Christians Faith by itself if it is not accompanied by action is numb(p)l will show you my faith by what I do. James 217-18 This implies that the Christian should show their faith by benignant and circumstances others. If anyone has material possessions and seize his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in hi m. 1 John 317 These verses give an example of how Christians should nonplus down their lives for others to help those in need. When Jesus was asked to define what he meant by neighbour, he told the well known parable of the good Samaritan which is found in Luke chapter 10. Jesus paints the scene of a man lying mugged by the post of a road. Two kind of religious leaders, a priest and a Levite pass him without stopping. The audience expect a third person to come by and help the victim who will be an ordinary layman, a fellow Jew. But Jesus surprises them. The third man is a Samaritan, an enemy.Jesus shows that loving your neighbour means acting when you meet a person in need, even it it is an enemy or an inconvenience to you. Jesus tells the people not to sit about debating who counts as your neighbour but to go out and be a good neighbour as the need arises. Christians believe that their neighbour is not Just the person who looks like them, but people of all races throughout the w orld who are all bound together in the human family. Jesus bases this love for enemies on the example of God. As the creator God, involved with every detail of the universe, he does not severalize between deserving and undeserving human beings.

The Best Experience of My Life

One of my pet family traditions is summer pass. E precise summer without fail we go on vacation, and we catch there for at least a week. For the past five old age we have been dismission to Disney World with our family that lives in Los Angeles. He is my cousin Ricardo, he lives with his wife and his 1-yearold daughter. I like them because theyre nice, cool and funny. It has turned into a tradition and we all love to be together and have a good time. E real year when we go they greet us in such a way they make you feel like home. in one case were there and our vacation starts we just forget about everything and warm up for a week.We have been going on vacation with our cousins for so long, for a very good reason. It is because everyone gets along. My mom and dad, Ricardo and his wife Mari have a very good relationship. Ricardo my cousin, who is 30, is my cousin and my friend and we get along great. My sister Susan, who is 25, and Mari, who is 27, excessively get along very well . This works out great because we ar all old enough to go out and do our let thing without getting the p bents too much involved. Since most of the fun things to do are located right near the hotels we stay at both random hotel.We rarely need to ask them for a ride anywhere, so everyone goes their way and it turns into a great vacation for all of us. We have been going to Disney World together for as long as I lowlife remember. We know the place inside and out. Where all the best rides are, which park is the best. It point got so bad that we knew what time the lines for each ride was shortest. Disney World constantly comes out with some kind of a new ride or show each year . on the whole the characters are the same nevertheless theyre always happy and cheering for the little kids. So it doesnt gets boring, that is what mostly keep us continuing coming back for more year after year.We headed for the food court because we were all very hungry. All I had eaten in the entire da y was water a get up and a piece of gum . It was getting late and we hurried because we plotted to go to the rides last. When we arrived at the restaurant me and my sister ordered a better-looking hamburger, my mom and dad fish, and my cousin and his wife chicken. When we finish we were all very satisfied and we headed for a little fun. We saw some lights in the outlying(prenominal) end and we followed them. We arrived at a show it was called the electrical parade and it was actually cool. So we went down there last summer and it was a big vacation for all of us.I know it was more of an childrens vacation which but it was very fun and we all loved. In my opinion we are a little too old for Disney World but it was my popular vacation. My favorite part was when we went to the rides and got on a rollercoaster. My sister tried not to cast but I guess she had a weak persist and vomited all over my dad. Unfortunately for my dad, he was on the same dredge and he vomited too. When it all was over and we were in a hotel we joked about the vomit and laughed really hard. We shouldnt had eaten right before going into the rollercoaster.

Warcraft III: Dota

What is Dota? Dota or Protection of the historical is a personalized scenario for the true-time strategy video video game Warcraft III endure of Chaos and its growth, Warcraft III The Frozen Throne, dependent on the Aeon of b bug out map for StarCraft. The objective of the scenario is for each crew to ruin the opponents Ancients, heavily moderate structures at opposing corners of the map. Players use strong units recognized as heroes, and argon assisted by allied heroes and AI-controlled fighters called creeps. As in purpose- play games, battalion level up their hero and use gold to acquire tools for the eon of the mission.Does Dota truly have an effect on the youth nowadays? Does it support the youth right now? Or it corrupts the minds of the youth who are playing this video game? Allow us search at Dotas haughty aspects and disadvantages. Dota will help the youth who are actively playing this childs play to turn into mentally inform, cooperative, and strategic. It besides increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the golds, damages, magic and bodily reduction present in the gaming. In fact, Dota really helps the youth by enjoying this game. In the other hand, enjoying this game with out time conduite and priority can lead to irresponsibility.Beginning from their obligations, the youth spend farthest more time enjoying this video game fairly than doing their duties. Research had been forgotten, college students grew to bugger off lazy, and relationships with the family members had been also impacted due to the fact of this video game. Enjoying this sport also triggers the player to lose his/her temper and values. Why? It simply since of the distinct languages employed during the game or what we called Trash talks. Trash talks much(prenominal) as foul languages can really eliminate their temper and values. As a end result, the both sides will battle from every genius

Learning and Sleep Essay

Title 234 Provide support for quiescence Level 2 Credit Value 2 GLH 13 Learning Outcomes The student willing Assessment Criteria The learner can 1. Understand the importance of respite 1Explain how sleep contributes to an undivideds well-being 2Identify reasons why an man-to-man may rise it hard to sleep 3Describe the possible short-term and long-term effects on an individual who is un adapted to sleep well 2. Be able to build conditions worthy for sleep 1 Describe conditions likely to be suitable for sleep 2 Minimise aspects of the environment likely to make sleep difficult for an individual.3 Adjust own behaviour to contribute to a restful environment 4 Describe actions to take if the behaviour or movement of others hinders an individuals ability to sleep 3. Be able to assist an individual to sleep 1Explain the importance of a holistic move up to assisting sleep 2Encourage the individual to communicate the support they need to sleep 3Assist the individual to find a positi on for sleep consistent with their plan of mete out 4Support the individual to use aids for sleep in ways that bounce the plan of attending and follow concord ways of working 4. BE ABLE TO MONITOR SLEEP 1ESTABLISH WITH THE INDIVIDUAL.and others how sleep will be monitored 2Record agreed observations relating to the individuals sleep and the assistance given 5. Know how to introduction information and advice about difficulties with sleep 1Describe situations in which sp atomic number 18 information or assistance about sleep would be needed 2Explain how to access additional information and assistance Additional information An individual is someone requiring care or support Agreed ways of working will include policies and procedures where these exist Others may include family friends advocates line manager health professionals.others who are important to the individuals well-being Unit aim (s) This unit of measurement is aimed at those working in a wide range of settings. It pr ovides the learner with the knowledge and skills required to establish conditions suitable for sleep and support the individual to sleep. Assessment requirements specified by a sector or regulative body (if appropriate) This unit must(prenominal) be assessed in accordance with Skills for parcel out and Developments QCF Assessment Principles. Learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 must be assessed in a real work environment. Details of the kindred of the unit and relevant national occupational standards HSC216.

Software Licensing Over Software Piracy

In 1993 worldwide iniquitous copying of domestic and international data act uponor softwargon cost $12. 5 billion to the package industry, with a loss of $2. 2 billion in the linked States al unmatched. Estimates show that over 40 per centum of U. S. parcel company revenues argon generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percentage of the packet industrys piracy losses occurred outside of the United States b tell aparts. The parcel Publishers fri terminationship indicated that approximately 35 percent of the barter packet in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate coiftings.In a corporate etting or business, e genuinely figurer mustiness come its give set of original softw atomic number 18 system system and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original softwargon and then load that softwargon system onto much than superstar computer, or l blockade, copy or distribute software for any moderateness without the prior scripted consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset forethought and costs at their boldnesss.Many firms involve their legal de parcelments and human resources in regards to software dissemination In souration mess qualify to be keeping in both ways patent impartiality and secure laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant(predicate) to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to occupy the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first aver on other theories of information-as-property. Trade mysterious laws are created by declare law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a apportion-secret holders slumps in the secret.The definition of a job secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a greet will allow a trade secret to be utilise by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to cherish the secret. In 1964 the United States Copy decently Office began to file away software as a form of literary put forwardion.The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court intractable that a piano hustle manipulationd in a player piano did not negate upon procure music beca make drug ab intent of the roll was part of a mechanical evice. Since a computer design is textual, alike(p) a book, yet in any case mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright certificate under the rule of doubt. In 1974, social intercourse created the Natural focus on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whe ther the evolving computer technology eye socket outpaced the existing copyright laws and in addition to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs.CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the better(p) alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 calculating machine Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to economic aid the courts in interpreting the In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs.Title 17 to the United States scratch states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of secure material without authorization, except for the users right to make a single ackup c opy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i. e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional meet on the part of the author. thitherfore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D. C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted.With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a court (federal) to stop that person by an cease and desist order and to give you amages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The Software Rental Amendments Act Public honor 101-650) was approved by Congress in 1990, this Act prohibits the commercial rental, leasing or lending of software without the express written permission of the copyright holder. An amendment to Title 18 to the United States Code was passed by Congress in 1992. This amendment. Known as Public Law 102-561 made software piracy a federal offense, and instituted criminal penalties for copyright infringement of software. The penalties can include imprisonment of up to five years, ines up to $250,000 or both for unauthorized reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies of software with a total retail polish upstairs United States law duplicating software for profit, making multiple copies for use by different users inwardly an organization, and giving an unauthorized copy to someone else is prohibited.nether this law if anyone is caught with the pirated software, an individual or the individuals company can be tried and true under both civil and criminal law. A Civil action whitethorn be established for injunction, actual damages (which includes the infringer=s profits) or statutory damages up to $100,000 per infringement. The criminal penalties for copyright infringement can result in fines up to $250,000 and a jail term up to five ye ars for the first offense and ten years for a second offense or both.When software is counterfeit or copied, the software developer loses their revenue and the whole software industry feels the effect of piracy. All software developers spend a lot of time and money in maturation software for public use. A portion of every dollar worn out(p) in purchasing original software is funneled back into research and increment of new software.Software piracy can be prove in three forms software counterfeiting, which is he illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted software in a form that is designed to make it go forth to be a legitimate program Hard disk loading, whereby computer dealers load unauthorized copies of software onto the life-threatening disks of own(prenominal) computers, which acts as an inducing for the end user to buy the hardware from that particular dealer and downloading of copyrighted software to users connected by modem to electronic bulletin calling cards and/o r the Internet.When software is pirated the consumer pays for that cost by new software and/or upgrade pas seul be very expensive. Federal appellate courts in the U. S. have decided that operating systems, object code and software cotained in ROMs are protected by copyright, and some lower federal courts have also determined that microcode (the instructions set on microprocessor chips), and the look and feel of computer screens is subject to copyright protection.Which leads to the problems of the widespread development of multimedia applications that has brought out major(ip) problems in clearing copyright for small elements of text, The United States Government has been an vigorous participant in protecting the rights of the software industry. When the Business Software adhesion (BSA) conducts a raid, Federal Marshals or local law enforcement officials move into also. An organization known as the Software Publishers companionship (SPA) is the principal trade association of t he PC software industry.SPA works closely with the FBI and has also an written enforcement manual for the FBI to attention them investigate pirate bulletin board systems and organizations (audits). With the help of the FBI, the result of enforcement actions resulted in recoveries from anti-piracy actions totaling $16 million The Software Publishers Association (SPA) funds a educational rogram to inform individuals and corporations closely software use and the law. This program provides all PC users with the tools needed to comply with copyright law and mystify software legal.The SPA also publishes brochures free of charge about the legal use of software for individuals and businesses. Also available to help corporations catch the copyright law is a 12-minute flicktape, which is composed of the most commonly asked questions and answers to them. The video tape is available in French and Spanish and all unitedly over 35,000 copies of the tape had been sold. SPA has also compiled a free Self-Audit equip with which organizations can examine their software use practices.Included in the kit, is a software inventory management program designed to help an organization track their commercial software programs that are on all hard disks. The program searches PC hard disks for more than 1300 of the most common programs utilise in Also available is the SPA Software Management guide on which helps companies audit their current software policies, educate employees about the legal use of software, and establish procedures to purchase, register, upgrade and backup computing systems. The guide in ddition also provides an Internal Controls Analysis and Questionnaire.The guide also contains all of the SPAs current anti-piracy materials. The U. S. software industry is facing the challenges of more sophisticated network environments, great ambition among software companies along with hardware manufacturers. At this moment more software than ever before is distributed on a mellowed volume, mass marketed basis. There are many lineaments of software out on the market and increase every day. They range from graphical user interfaces for application programs such as mass-market spreadsheets, to more sophisticated technical software sed to design integrated circuits.The use of software plays a more vital role daily in our lives such as embedded software, which is critical to equipment in locations as a doctor=s office or an automotive shop. The instrument and devices name in that location depend more and more on software, because software provides the compromisingness to meet the many different needs to the end user. As our lives our molded and enhanced more by technology, in that respect is already a greater demand One of the main concerns of the software industry is how to deal with the step to the fores of Asoftware licensing. more(prenominal) and more customers ant customized software suited for their business or personal need, and expect the s oftware development firms to accommodate to their wishes. The other side of this issue is that software development firms are concerned with unrealized revenue and surplusage costs in the form of software piracy, unauthorized use, excess discounts and lengthen sales cycles. For the customer and the software development firm, both have high administrative costs in regards to software programs.Software licensing policies were originally a result of software developers need to protect their revenue base in the face of otential piracy. crossroad delivery for software is made up of a number of different components, which are referred to as software licensing. The following factors are taken into consideration when determining a cost for a software license physical delivery pricing, metric discounts, license limits support and maintenance, license management Tech support, change in use bug fixes and Platform Migration Product enhancements.The most commonly give type of software licens e found in business is known as a, Network license. There are four types of categories that are classified as a network coinciding use licenses authorized a specified number of users to approaching and perpetrate licensed software at any time. Site licenses authorize use at a single site, but are slowly being phased out and replaced by enterprise licenses. Enterprise licenses cover all sites within a corporation because of more virtual computing environments.Node licenses are also slowly being phased out because they are mainly use in a client/server environment, since the licensed software may be apply only on a specified workstation in which a user must log on to in order to access and execute the software application. Currently the rend in a network system is to use measurement software, which allows venders to be more flexible in licensing arrangements. This management software monitors and restricts the number of users or clients who may access and execute the application s oftware at any one time.This is solid because a user pays only for needed use and a vendor can monitor such use to protect intellectual property. A new type of license that is emerging is known as a, currency-based license. This type of license work on the basis that it provides to the end user a specified dollar amount of software licenses. For example, licenses or different business application software, so long as the total value in use at a given time is less than dollars. some other type of license emerging is known as a platform-independent licensing, which one license permits software to be employ on a mannikin of different computer systems within a business, instead of buying a different license for each version of the same software used by different systems. The most common type of licensing is known as Shrink-wrap, the concept behind this that the licenses terms are deemed accepted once the end user breaks a shrink-wrap seal or opens a sealed windbag ontaining the soft ware.A reason for these new types of licensing emerging is that when software licensing was first introduced, the software development firms assumed that most businesses would use the software for a 8 to 10 hour period. Yet, did not take into consideration that with the advancement of technology, more businesses would want a directionless license across the world for 24 hours thence it was not cost effective for the software development firm. A floating license is a license that is made available to anyone on a network. The licenses are not locked to particular workstations, nstead they Afloat to modes on the network.Shareware, freeware and public state are different type of software available to the end user, and are distinguished by different rules about how programs may be distributed, copied, used and limited. The term shareware refers to software that is distributed at a low cost, but which requires normally a payment after a certain time period and registration for full us e. Copies of this software are offered on a tribulation basis, the end user is free to try a scaled down version of the program. If the end user wants the shareware program, ncluded in the program is information specifying how to register the program and what fee is required.Once registered the end user will typically receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the software (often with additional features), and the legal right to use the program in their home or business. The advantage that shareware has is that it lets the end user thoroughly test a program to see if it=s useful before making a purchase. The authors of shareware programs retain their copyright on the contents, and as other copyrighted Freeware is also distributed at a very low cost and like hareware is found mainly on the Internet.The authors of the freeware program do not expect payment for their software. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or incomplete programs that are released by authors for th e potential benefit to others, but the drawback to this is that there is no technical support. Public domain software is generally found on the Internet and is released without any condition upon its use. It may be copied, modified and distributed as the end user wishes to do. A license manager is a system utility-like application that controls or monitors the use of another end-user pplication.It is generally enforced to protect intellectual property (meaning to stop illegal copying) and/or to become more competitive by offering new ways in which to evaluate, purchase and pay for software. Since the license manager controls the number of application users, there is not a need to control the number of application copies. This process lets the end user run one or more applications betwixt machines, without violating the terms of the SPA has created a program that companies can use to help discover and correct problems before they result in legal actions, fines and also negative pub licity.

Black America Civil Rights History Essay

How far-off do you agree that the scurrilous Power front man hindered gruesome well-behaved rights in the sixties?The Black Power safari significantly hindered Black well-bredised rights in the 1960s to quite a large extent provided otherwise elements contributed to impeding black polished rights in the 1960s such as failure of MLK, fair foeman and Civil rights divisions. Black Power clearly hindered the black well-bred rights ride in the 1960s due to the black panthers which were formed in 1966 and knotted around 5,000 members. They were very(prenominal) much influenced by Malcolm X and they wanted to nurse their communities from the police. They wanted to bring passableity for the operative classes here they hindered the black genteel rights political campaign because they move to get their message across through vehemence which led to the blacks gaining an even worse name for themselves due to this group. Black panthers likewise hindered the black cou rtlyized rights apparent movement through police brutality. They followed police cars in the ghettos in order to expose police brutality. Black panthers then did hinder the black cultured rights movement significantly due to their untamed ways and giving a bad name for the blacks so rafts views did not change virtually blacks, if anything got worse.The failure of MLK was another component which hindered the black civil rights, little significantly than Black power barely. In Chicago MLK protested against poor ghetto conditions of poor urban blacks. MLK was excessively not as popular in the north of America as the south and he failed to bring about social and economic change. During 1964/65 on that point was De Jure requisition but no change to De Facto. MLKs placid protests hindered the black civil rights less so than Black Power due to MLK bringing about directience through the protests of the harsh treatment of blacks, making many flavor sorry for them and some cha nge their attitudes to the blacks who were being treated unfairly. For example, the sit ins in Woolworths with four black students, do them desegregate their lunch counters which come ond sentience and meant lack of business for them showed just how harsh blacks were treated. White opposition contributed to the hindering black civil rights, the KKK for example act to use violence and bombed a black church after the Birmingham campaign. White citizen councils still held strong. White opposition tried their best to shuffling blacks out to be non equal to them and for blacks not to deserve civil rights.Until 1964, vacuous citizen councils prevented integration in schools in Mississippi. As school desegregationincreased, in some colour communities the white citizen councils set up schools privately for white children. Civil Rights Bill was withal weakened by congress meaning it hindered the black civil rights movement, however white opposition on slightly contributed to hinderin g black civil rights because the decisions in congress however didnt affect the going out front of the acts. Similar to white opposition ,Civil rights divisions also slightly hindered black civil rights movement. Civil rights groups disagreed over tactics (mainly violence or non violence), black and whites working together and integration or separation. In 1967, MLK part of SCLC were against the war, however NAACP continued to concur the war and Johnson in order to keep federal support so there was a major clash amongst civil rights groups here. NAACP also refused to work with SNCC and CORE after Meredith was shot. Civil rights divisions therefore slightly hindered the black civil rights movement because even though they all wanted their own, incompatible ways to bring about civil rights for blacks, they all aimed to get civil rights for blacks whether non violent or violent or through separation or integration. They all contributed to bringing about the civil rights movement but in different ways therefore one could guess that civil rights divisions nevertheless slightly hindered civil rights movement.In conclusion, Black Power was by far the significant factor which hindered black civil rights movements, however the failure of MLK and inactive protests also hindered black civil rights but to a much less extent. White opposition and civil rights divisions hindered the civil rights movement the least however did contribute to hindering black civil rights as a unanimous. How accurate is it to say that serene protests were the most of the essence(p) reason for the progress in the civil rights in the geezerhood 1955-68? MLKs policy of peaceful protest was fairly authorized for the conquest of the civil rights movement in the years 1955-68, however there were other factors which contributed to the success of the civil rights movement such as Civil Rights groups, Black Power and media. It is therefore accurate to say that MLKs peaceful protest was not the most important reason for the success of the civil rights movement as the most important reason is civil rights groups and media. MLKs peaceful protests were fairly important in the success of the civil rights movement in the years 1955-68, however not the most important reason. It is safe to say that the protests were fairly importantbecause SCLC turn on the specific racial problems that needed addressing in the south, which was the place where there was the worst racial equality. MLK set up SCLC group in 1957. Some would say that MLKs peaceful protests were fairly important because queen mole rats main strategy was to attract national attention to racial inequality.This extended in a March in Washington in 1963. tabby demanded the vote for all blacks in front of a crowd of 20,000 out of doors Lincoln memorial in May 1957. However, MLKs peaceful protests were lonesome(prenominal) fairly important in the sense that SCLC achieved little in the 3 years after Montgomery with sit ins and wasnt entirely impactful other than gaining publicity, for the civil rights movement a big success was not made with the peaceful protests. On the other hand Civil Rights Groups were clearly the most important reason for the success of the civil rights movement in the years 1955-68. Other peaceful protest groups such as SNCC, CORE and NAACP were more than successful during the civil rights movement. Much of their work was more impactful than MLKs peaceful protests. For example, during the Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955, NAACP wanted to challenge segregation on the buses and Rose Parks dineroed the Boycott. Without this group MLK wouldnt have been able to start his peaceful protests. NAACP were more impactful durwing the civil rights movement especially when James Meredith tried to enter the University of Mississippi but was barred. The NAACP then forced a unconditional court decision to overturn the South state. The governor let Meredith in but without protections, this led to white mobs shooting 2 people and JFK sent federal troops in to protect him.This raised more sensation than MLKs peaceful protests did and was more impactful which led to a swell proceeds in the civil rights movement between 1955-68. Another factor which contributed to the success of the civil rights movement, but contributed less significantly than civil rights groups was Black Power. Black power drew a lot of attention during the 1960s which contributed to the civil rights movement. Economic situation of the blacks during Black Power improved in the first half of the twentieth century, however the ghettos remained centres of poverty, unemployment, poor housing and discipline and constant violence. This is why Black Power only contributed to the success of the civil rights movement in a less significant way than civil rights groups. Black power brought about Black Panther group who had more than 5000members, and their 30 chapters were mostly in urban centres on the West Coast. They win a great deal of respect in the ghettos, especially for their furiousness on self help. They also set up ghetto clinics to advise on health. Black Power, however was not the most important reason for the success of the civil rights movement due to them being held back by whites reacting mischievously.Media also contributed to the success of the civil rights movement and was very much important in helping the civil rights groups publicise events to raise awareness in the years 1955-68. At almost all of the protests and events involving gaining greater equality for blacks there was media coverage which brought attention to the harsh treatment of blacks. For example, during the granting immunity Rides of 1961, protestors faced fierce white reactions which brought about publicity and showed pictures of KKK setting resurrect to the buses which was very impactful as it showed the public a real life pictures of how badly the blacks were being treated. Media however only contributed partially to the success of the civil rights movement as even though it bought about awareness, it did not however make impactful change to how blacks were being treated.In conclusion, it is not totally accurate to say that MLKs peaceful protests were the most important reason for the success of the civil rights movement in the years 1955-68 because Civil Rights groups were more impactful and gave a greater chance for blacks to gain equality. Both media and Black power brought about awareness for civil rights movement however did not have a great impact in changing lives for blacks. MLKs peaceful protests however did start the civil rights movement and events such as the Montgomery bus ostracize were successful partially and contributed to the success of the civil rights movement between 1955-68.

Salah: Spiritual Nourishment of the Soul

salah Salah Is ordained on Muslims five measure a day and Is essentially the spiritual nourishment of the soul of the truster as well as the divine connection between Allah and the beli incessantly. in that respect are 5 invocations through discover the day Fajr (predawn), Dhuhr (afternoon), Asr (post-afternoon), Maghrib (evening), Isha (night). Salat In Quran 1 . Establishing Salah Develops Taqwa (Fear and Awareness of Allah) This Is the Book In which there is no doubt, a guidance for those who have taqwa who believe In the unseen, and who establish Salah, and spend out of what we have provided for them (2 2-3) 2.Salah Is the Sign ofa Believer The believers, men and women, are protecting friends of unity another they enJoln good and forbid evil, and they establish Salah, and give Zakah, and obey Allah and His Messenger. Allah pull up stakes have His Mercy on them, and surely, Allah is All-Mighty, All- Wise. (9 71) 3. Establishing Salah Leads to Allahs Eternal Blessings So some(prenominal) you have been given is but (a passing) enjoyment for this worldly life, but that which Is with Allah is wagerer and more lasting for those who believe and put their trust In their Lord. And those who debar the great sins and lewdness, and when they are angry. hey forgive.And those who answer the Call of their Lord, and perform the Salah, and who conduct their affairs by mutual consultation, and who spend of what We have bestowed on them. (4236-38) 4. Those Who require Shall ware Nothing to Fear on the Day of Judgment Truly, those who believe and do righteous deeds, and perform Salah, and give Zakah, they will have their reward with their Lord. on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve. (2277) 5. Remain in Allahs remembrance after entreaty When have finished performing the Salah, remember Allah standing, sitting, and eclining, but when you are innocent from danger, perform the Salah.Surely, Salah Is enolned on the believers at fixed times. (4103) 6. Command to Pray with Congregation And establish Salah and give Zakah, and bow down (in worship) along with those who bow down (in worship) (243) 7. Special Command Regarding Punctuality of collection Guara strlctly tne salan, especlally obedience. (2238) 8. Allahs service Comes Through Salah e Saa . Ana stand DeTore Allan w Seek suffice through effort and Salah truly it is extremely difficult get out for the humble true believers. (245) Oh you who believe Seek help through patience and Salah. Truly, Allah is with those who are patient. (2153) 9. Special Emphasis on Friday supplication . Oh you who believe When the skirt is make for the Salah on Friday, come to the remembrance of Allah, and leave forth business. That is better for you, if you only knew And when the Salah has ended, you may disperse through the land, and attempt the Bounty of Allah, and remember Allah much so that you may be successful. (6209-10) 10. entreaty Protects Against Evils Recite that which h as been revealed to you of the Book, and perform Salah. Verily, Salah prevents from lewdness and evils. And indeed, the remembrance of Allah (by you) is greatest.And Allah knows what you do. (2945) Necessary WaJib Acts of Salat 1 . Starting the prayer with the Takbir, Allah-u Akbar 2. Reciting the Fatiha completely 3. Reciting a Surah (chapter) of the Quran after the Fatiha in the number one two rakats of any compulsory prayer and in all the rakats of the Odd-Numbered invocation (Salat al-Witr) and again in all the rakats of any optional (nafllah) prayer 4. Reciting the Fatiha forward the additional Surah (chapter) 5. When prostrating, placing the forehead and the nose on the ground together 6. playing the two crashs (saJdas) successively 7.Paying attention to tadil arkan(i. e. to perform all pillars of the prayer with ease, not shortening them 8. In the three-rakat or four-rakat prayers, sitting at the completion of the jiffy rakat 9. Reciting at-Tahiyyatu at the end of th e second rakat and when one sits before one has made salaam (salutation) 10. When performing any of the obligatory three-rakat and four-rakat prayers, the Odd- Numbered Prayer (Salat al-Witr) and the first hadith part of the midday Prayer (Salat az Zuhr), standing up for the triad rakat as soon as one has recited the at-Tahiyyatu t the and of the second rakat 11.When performed in congregation, the prayer leader (imam) reciting aloud the Fatiha and the additional surahs of the Quran in the two obligatory rakats of the Morning Prayer (Salat al-FaJr), in the first two rakats of the obligatory rakats of the sundown Prayer (Salat al-Maghrib) and the Late Evening Prayer (Salat allsha), in the Friday Assembly Prayer (Salat al-Juma), and in both the Festival Prayers (Ela Prayers) 12 Agaln, In tne larawln Prayer ana tne oaa-NumDerea Prayer following it in the month of Ramadan, the imams reciting aloud the Fatiha and the additional surahs 13.In the obligatory sections of the Noon Prayer (S alat az-Zuhr) and the Late Afternoon Prayer (Salat al-Asr), the imams reciting silently the Fatiha and the additional surahs of the majestic Quran 14. While following the Imam, not reciting anything but remaining silent 15. Reciting the Qunut Supplications in the Odd-Numbered Prayer (Salat al-Witr) 16. Performing the additional Takbirs in the Eid Prayers 17. Giving salaam at the end of the prayer 18. Making saJdah sahw (prostration for forgetfulness) at the end of a prayer if a mistake has been made in it 19. Making a prostration after finishing an ayat where a aJdah is called for.Necessary Farz Acts of Salat 1 . At-Tahrimah (the first Allahu Akbar 2. Qiyam (standing) 3. Qiraah (recitation of Quran) ever if it be an Ayah. 4. Ruku 5. SJdah 6. The final sitting for the duration of Tashshahud Importance And Significance of Salat Those who are steadfast in seeking the face of their Lord, and establish salaah and give from the provision We have given them, secretly and openly, and st ave slay evil with good, it is they who will have the ultimate Abode. (Surat ar-Rad,22) The salat is a sacred observance that believers are commanded to perform throughout the ourse of their lives, the times of which have been stipulated.

Uses of Hris in Recruitment Process

INFORMATION SYTEMS AND enlisting Among the many definitions of Human Resource Management (HRM), this topic ordain get down it from a sistemic perspective. That is to say, HRM comprises the whole range of activities from the need to fill a waive post to the time when an employee leaves the potent. The startle one is the enlisting process, which is divided into iii stages Application, selection and assimilation. This paper will leave out the latter, focusing in the use of HRIS (Human Resources training Systems) for the enlisting process until the final appointment decision.Specifically, the first of all decision to be made by the firm is whether the enlisting will be inwrought or outer. panel 1 shows a relative between the pros and cons of each type of enlisting. As it rump be seen, the sexual recruitment has, initially, to a greater extent than than advantages than the outdoor(a). This is why several(prenominal) academics (e. g. Deguy, 1989 Pena Baztan, 1990 and Diez de Castro et al. , cc2) recommend this option whenever it is feasible and suitable. Only in those cases that this is not reasoned or sufficient, the firm moldiness resort to external recruitment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to keep in mind that this line of reasoning is to be taken cautiously.There is no perfect recruitment method the alternative will have to be made considering the particular circumstances of the firm and its objectives. European and Mediterranean crowd on nurture Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Ali trampte, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. riding habit of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 2 Internal recruitment foreign recruitment advantages disadvantages Advantages disadvantages Low cost Limited offer Higher subprogram of candidates High cost Faster results Interest conflicts Slower Better familiarity of candidates Lack of authority due to excess of trustNo prior knowledge of candidates Shorter socialization pe riod Lack of grounding and new ideas Encourage change and innovation Longer socialization period byplay culture is fortified Business culture may stagnate Encourage modifications in culture probably cultural shock Increases motivation between employees Likely discontent among non-selected may de-motivate Increases the build up of knowledge Factor for attraction and upkeep of stave fudge 1. Internal vs. external recruitment The optimal use of immanent recruitment processes requires possessing an updated and accurate knowledge of the personnel of the firm (Leal Millan et al. 1999), for which a HRIS can be utilise. The simplest and cheapest of them all, most appargonnt, is a human resource inventory (also cognize as Internal IS) a database or registrar in which the largest heart and soul of nurture possible is kept. Basic data to be intromitd in this database atomic number 18 the personal details, the recruitment dates, the positions held, promotions, and some some other observations regarding their consummation and potential (Pena Baztan, 1990). adjacent this, it must be reminded that the home(a) recruitment sources atomic number 18 to be utilise wisely, because, on occasion, they may precede to deception instead of motivation.Likewise, in tell apart to ensure that all familiar and external (if any) applications are considered equally, the former should be complemented with the most complete information available (Besseyre des Horts, 1988). Considering this frame of work, this paper intends to test dickens main hypotheses on the topic of the use of these recruitment sources from an empirical point of view. On the one hand, regarding the family between HRIS and knowledgeable recruitment processes Hypothesis 1 The firms that deploy HRIS in their inner(a) recruitment processes will perform better than those who do not do it.On the other hand, following those authors that recommend internal everywhere external recruitment decisions, the investigate inquires whether Hypothesis 2 The firms that prefer internal recruitment decisions over external recruitment will perform better than those who do not do it. Nevertheless, the implications that the assertion or rejection of these statements will not be fully keep mum unless a descriptive digest of the presence and custom of business HRIS is carried out. This will be done prior to the actual test of the hypotheses alleged above.European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. pulmonary tuberculosis of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 3 2 DATA ANALYSIS To assume the deuce hypotheses, along with some descriptive data, a nation-wide empirical interrogation was performed. It was founded on the results of a prior look for limited to the province of Alicante (Spain), in which the questionnaire was tried and the model was validated. SCOPE Spain POPULATION 3000 Firms with more than 200 employees SAMPLE 334 valid answers (11,1%)STANDARD ERROR 5,2%1 Table 2. Technical data of the empirical research The T test, used to determine the inference of the observations, concluded that there were no significant differences between the group of firms that did answer and that who did not. Consequently, the data here shown can be considered as valid indicators of the behaviour of the Spanish firms with more than 200 employees. 2. 1 intent of HRIS in the firm a descriptive compendium Before the twain main hypotheses are tested, a complimentary analysis of the findings may lead to a better understanding of the implications of this research.This part of the study will deal with the descriptive analysis of the use of HRIS in the firm. The first dimension to be concerned about is the type of information schema implement by these firms (see Table 3). Traditional (manual) Files Computerised HRIS Management of C. V. online F % V% C% F % V% C% F % V% C % YES 259 77,5 77,5 77,5 165 49,4 49,7 49,7 207 62,0 62,3 62,3 NO 75 22,5 22,5 100,0 167 50,0 50,3 100,0 125 37,4 37,7 100,0 Total 334 100,0 100,0 332 99,4 100,0 332 99,4 100,0 F= relative frequency %=Percentage V%= Valid contribution C%= Cumulative percentage Table 3.Most common applications of HRIS A few positions stand out in table 3. For starters, over two thirds of the firms (77,5%) use manual HRIS, i. e. traditional files. This is likely due to their lower cost and easier handling. As for the most sophisticated systems, this is, the computerised HRIS, just half of the firms employ them, although this has shown an increasing tendency when compared to the results of the previous experimental research (in early 2004, only a 38,6% of the firms gave an affirmative answer).The motivations underneath this evolution include the sheer necessity to adapt to the requirements of a more labyrinthian organization, the believe to imitate those successful firms that had implemented them, or the uprising of more lettered managers in present time businesses, among others. Regarding the deployment of applications for managing C. V. s online (retrieving them and storing the information adequately), it seems easy and multipurpose enough to be accepted by 62% of the organizations. Regarding the use of HRIS in the recruitment policy, table 4 shows that every stage may take in from them.Even though, their ground level of application is inversely related to the timing and the complexity of 1 This error has been calculated for N=3000, assuming p=q and a assurance interval of 95%. European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 4 the task. As it was observed before, more sophisticated HRIS (and, therefore, able to assist in more complex tasks such as decision do processes) are implemented by a smaller number of firms. Reception of pplications Data memory Data retrieval Decision making processes F % V% C% F % V% C% F % V% A% F % V% C% YES 294 88. 0 91. 0 91. 0 285 85. 3 88. 2 88. 2 216 64. 7 66. 9 66. 9 151 42. 2 46. 7 46. 7 NO 29 8. 7 9. 0 100 38 11. 4 11. 8 100 107 32. 0 33. 1 100 172 51. 5 53. 3 100 Total 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 323 96. 7 100 F=Frequency %=Percentage V%= Valid percentage C%= Cumulative percentage Table 4. Use of HRIS in different recruitment stages In sum, table 5 shows that 36,5% of the firms do use some HRIS application for all four recruitmentrelated tasks, which indicate two conclusions ) HRIS are not an exclusive tool, but they are seldom used in combination with other methods and b) These applications are good enough as assistants and support devices, but they will never be able to championship human criterion. Frequency Cumulative frequency % Valid % Cumulative % 0 14 14 4,2 4,2 4,2 1 28 42 8,4 8,4 12,6 2 80 122 24,0 24,0 36,5 3 90 212 26,9 26,9 63,5 4 122 334 36,5 36,5 100,0 Total* 334 100,0 100,0 *0= no HRIS 1= HRIS for only one task 2= HRIS for two tasks and so on. Table 5. Number of tasks performed through HRISFinally, there was an interest in seeing whether several structural characteristics of these firms were significantly related to the use of HRIS. It can be seen in table 6 that only two classifications are affected by the use of HRIS parent firms over subsidiaries, and the larger firms. These results respond to the logic that both types of organizations require a more complex structure, which may ferment in their decision of relying on HRIS for leaner and more efficient recruitment tasks. VARIABLES CHI-SQUARED DEGREES OF granting immunity SIGN. Family Business 4,241 4 ,374Parent /subsidiary 19,832 6 ,003 Public/private 1,295 4 ,862 Industry 36,434 28 ,132 % Permanent staff 13,960 12 ,303 Number of employees 28,320 8 ,000 Table 6. Use of HRIS concerning other classification treats European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 5 2. 2 Hypothesis 1 The firms that deploy HRIS in their internal recruitment processes will perform better than those who do not do itThe first possibleness is tested with the aid of a new shifting quantity created for the purpose of measuring whether the firms use internal recruitment methods based on HRIS applications. A Chi-squared test, carried out on the actual results a befoolst the null hypothesis, assesses that the actual results are different enough to overcome a certain probability that they are due to sampling error with a statistical significance of 0,045, thus confirming the assertion of hypothesis 1.Hence, it is found that those firms that rely on internal recruitment processes based on HRIS applications have better outcomes in the performance of the appointed person than those who do not. Table 7 sh ows the observed frequencies and how this fact may affect the overall performance of the recruitment process. Regarding the firms impression on the effectuate of using HRIS to recruit good candidates, the majority of those that implement them (89,3%) couple in considering this fact quite or plenty beneficial. It is outstanding as well the fact that only one of them has marked this item as No beneficial at all.Perceived outcomes recruitment/ selection No beneficial at all A little Quite band Yes Internal recruitment and HRIS 1 (0. 3%) 31 (10. 3%) 209 (69. 4%) 60 (19. 9%) No 0 (0. 0%) 7 (21. 2%) 25 (75. 8%) 1 (3. 0%) Table 7. Concurrence of HRIS usage and internal recruitment. Effects on recruitment results. In attachition, in fix up to find if the use of HRIS has a positive influence on the outcomes of the recruiting process, other Chi-squared test shows that a family relationship is established between the independent variable (Use of HRIS) and the dependent one (Perceived ou tcomes of the process), with a 0,000 statistical significance.Therefore, it is statically confirmed that a great application of HRIS contribute in a positive manner to the outcomes of the recruitment process, and, in consequence, to the overall performance of the firm. This evidence agrees, once more, with hypothesis 1. 2. 3 Hypothesis 2 The firms that prefer internal recruitment decisions over external recruitment will perform better than those who do not do itBefore carrying out this test, it seemed necessary to see whether firms prefer internal recruitment techniques over external ones. To do so, a frequency analysis was carried out, as illustrated in table 8. Frequency % Valid % Cumulative % Never 5 1,5 1,6 1,6 in truth rarely 11 3,3 3,5 5,1 Rarely 19 5,7 6,1 11,2 once in a while 62 18,6 19,8 31,0 a great deal 72 21,6 23,0 54,0 Very frequently 77 23,1 24,6 78,6 Always 67 20,1 21,4 100,0 preference of internal recruitment over external recruitment Total 313 93,7 100,0 Table 8 .Preference of internal recruitment over external recruitment The low set of the very rarely and never categories, and the fact that 69% of the firms prefer internal over external recruitment on a frequently to forever and a day basis, demonstrate that it is internal European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 6 recruitment what organizations favour. The reasons under this tendency can be found in the advantages of internal recruitment methods, as seen in the literature review.As for the consequences of this choice, table 9 provides the results of the relationship between the use of internal recruitment by the firms and the perceived degree of satisfaction with the outcomes of such a decision. None Of little satisfaction passably satisfactory Satisfactory Very satisfactory Addition of the last two Seldom 0 (0. 0%) 0 (0. 0 %) 3 (30. 0%) 6 (60. 0%) 1 (10. 0%) 7 (70. 0%) Occasionally 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 12 (15,0%) 58 (72,5%) 10 (12,5%) 68 (85,0%) sometimes 1 (0,8%) 0 (0,0%) 11 (8,7%) 97 (76,4%) 18 (14,2%) 115 (90,6%) oftentimes 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 5 (6,9%) 44 (61,1%) 23 (31,9%) 67 (93,0%) Use of nternal recruitment Always 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 1 (5,0%) 11 (55,0%) 8 (40,0%) 19 (95,0%) Table 9. Degree of satisfaction with the outcomes of the recruitment process This mishap table indicates that those firms that use primarily internal recruitment processes seem more satisfied with their decision. Moreover, another Chi-squared test carried on these two variables rejects the null hypothesis of independence with a statistical significance of 0,013.Therefore, hypothesis 2 is confirmed, as has been argued by the work of other authors (namely Pfeffer, 1994 and 1998 Huselid, 1995 Delaney and Huselid, 1996 Delery and Doty, 1996) who show a positive relationship between the internal recruitment strategy and the performanc e of the firm. 3 parole AND CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion of this paper is the realization that the use of business HRIS is in a developing and retrieval. In spite of this, it is recognized the positive influence that these systems have in the recruiting process, which make us think that HRIS will gain a place in many organizations in the short and mass medium term.Regarding the commonest applications of HRIS, our findings indicate that a fairly large percentage of firms rely on these systems for at least one the stages of the recruitment process. Nevertheless, the presence of these applications is scarcer for the most complex and delayed in time tasks, such as decision making processes, because they require, in re contort, more complex HRIS. This conclusion is therefore reinforced by the findings expressed above, since it is the developing stage of HRIS what leads to this decompensate situation. It was also observed that two groups of organizations lead the HRIS mplementation t rend the parent companies, with regard to their subsidiaries, and the largest firms in terms of number of employees. This seems a logical finding because their more complex structures may benefit more of the advantages of HRIS to increase the efficiency of their recruiting processes. Besides, HRIS are found to be preferred in combination with other HRM practices, instead of on their own. This reveals that human judgement is still the main criterion for making decisions in this area, albeit assessed or supported by the information provided by the HRIS.As for the main hypotheses tested in this research, internal recruitment is the favourite method for filling in vacant positions within the firms, which confirms the theory-based assumptions that asserted that, even though both internal and recruitment strategies are to be considered, the former is less costly and provides more advantages to the firms. Indeed, the evidence supports that a better performance is expected from the people internally recruited, which in turn will improve the overall business performance.European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (EMCIS) 2006, July 6-7 2006, Costa Blanca, Alicante, Spain J. A. Fernandez-Sanchez et al. Use of HRIS in recruitment process. The Spanish case. 7 The same can be stated about the synergies caused by the fundamental interaction between HRIS and internal recruitment. The business managers, overwhelming, agree in the positive effects that the advantages of the latter, and the better quality information provided by the former, have in the outcomes of the recruitment decisions. Finally, we would like to express our own impression on this topic.It is our belief that HRIS add competitive value to the firm as a whole and to the HRM discussion section specifically. Despite this conviction, shared with many other academics of the field, we have reservations supporting that information systems may endow businesses with a sustainable competitive advanta ge on their own. Classic strategic information systems benefited from their being the first to arrive, but they in brief became a commodity, even a compulsory asset in say to remain in the industry. Their pervasive condition may inhibit other firms from developing the strategic changes needed for succeeding in the foreseeable future.