Whistleblower Ombudsman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Whistleblower Ombudsman - Essay ExampleWhistleblowing is essential to weeding out fraud and abuse in the healthcargon industry. The government is particularly corking in promoting whistleblowing because fraud and abuse may reach up to 3% to 10% of actual health care costs (Kesselheim & Studdert, 2008, p.342). Recoveries from the False Claims Act (FCA) since 2009 consecrate reached approximately $9 billion (Kesselheim & Studdert, 2008, p.342). To encourage whistleblowing, the Whistleblower Protection Act bans retaliation. Retaliation refers to threatening or taking action against employees because they have disclosed ambidextrous or abusive actions (Office of Inspector General, 2015). These actions may include, but are not limited to, poor performance review, demotion, termination, suspension, or downgrade, loss of, or revocation of security clearance (Office of Inspector General, 2015). The law does not allow retaliation for (1) filing an appeal, complaint, or grievance (2) helpi ng another person file the case or to testify for whistleblowers (3) cooperating with or giving information to the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) or Office of Inspector General (OIG) or (4) not obeying an unlawful management or order (Office of Inspector General, 2015).These conditions that prevent retaliation are important because it helps decrease the fears of other people who want to disclose important information, but are not the direct whistleblowers. For instance, an accountant gives financial documents and memos to the OSC, even when he is not the whistleblower. The law prevents retaliation against him from his company. In other words, he has the same protections as the whistleblowers. too these protections, the FCA entitles whistleblowers to up to 30% for the amount recovered during trials or settlements (Golinkin, 2013, p.304). This is a monetary incentive too, but I believe that this is not the main

The Destiny of the Unevangelized Debate Research Paper

The Destiny of the Unevangelized Debate - Research Paper ExampleThe skyline that one will adopt on whether divine election is qualified or unconditional will determine in a big way the position that one will take on the circumstances of the unevangelized debate. In the Christian tradition, we have two schools of thought on divine predestination the Calvinism and the Arminianism 2. The proponents of Calvinism are of the view that divine predestination is unconditional, while the proponents of Arminianism hold the contrary view that divine election is conditional. On this basis, we can broadly view the debate on the fate of the unevangelized as the debate between the Calvinists and the Arminianists. This paper evaluates the debate on the destiny of the unevangelized and analysis the philosophical arguments used to support the various positions on this debate. Also, the paper evaluates the biblical verses used to support the arguments, and at the end of the paper, a undetermined pos ition is taken based on the critical analysis of the issues raised in this paper. The paper begins with an analysis of the four views expressed by Boyd and Eddy on the debate about the destiny of the unevangelized 3. The following are the four views on the fate of the unevangelized that are discussed by Boyd and Eddy in their book, Across the Spectrum. ... This position has been the predominate view among many Church theologians including, the great Catholic theologian St. Augustine of Hippo, and John Calvin, the reformist theologian4. There are a number of people in the late world who still hold this view. The proponents of this position argue that some biblical verses like, John, 3 36, and 1 John, 5 12 support the restrictivist view. A literal reading of these two verses shows that deliveryman Christ is, indeed, the only way to God and that the knowledge of Jesus Christ is a requirement for salvation. Also, in the book Through no Fault, Darrel L. Bock cites Acts, 10 12-43, to support his Restrictivist view and he argues that unless the non-believers are evangelized, believe in God, and regret their sins, then they shall all be damned 5. Darrel argues that the ignorance of the Gospel of Jesus Christ will lead to damnation because unless one has knowledge of Jesus Christ, one will not be able to dedicate their lives to God and to repent their sins. He cited Acts, 17 30-31, to support his claim. A critical look at the restrictivist view of the destiny of the unevangelized raises one pertinent question How can a lovely and just God condemn to eternal perdition those who, through no fault of their own, did not hear about the Gospel?6 Can a just God punish one for a mistake over which they had no control? Although there are a number of biblical verses that seem to support the restrictivist view on the destiny of the unevangelized, the proponents of the restrictivist view would be hard pressed to answer these two questions. Universal Opportunity This view on the destiny of the unevangelized hold that, ultimately, all Gods people will be saved, whether they are Christians or not Universalists are

Commission of the European Communities v. Italian Republic Essay

Commission of the European Communities v. Italian Republic - Essay fashion modelHowever, the Italian government responded by their letter of 08 July 1997 and denied that it was necessary to amend their national statute and free movement in all Member States was guaranteed only for the products which complied with bind 30.The European Commission disagreed with the response of the Italian government and sent the Italy a formal notice on 22 December 1997asking it to comply with its obligation infra Article 30 of the EC Treaty within two months. However, the Italian government stood its ground and refused to oblige.The legal issue is that chocolate products containing vegetable fats other than cocoa butter up to a maximum of 5% of the total weight of the product is manufactured as chocolate in Member States such as Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, Finland and the United Kingdom, and it is accepted under this name in all the Member States except Spain and Italy.The Commission also takes the view that the obligation under the Italian legislation to market cocoa and chocolate products containing vegetable fats other than cocoa butter under the name chocolate substitute significantly obstructs their access to the Italian market.The courts decide to the issue is based on the principle of law.

Citizenship Education in International Schools within Hong Kong Research Proposal

Citizenship Education in International Schools within Hong Kong - Research Proposal ExampleThe research study will in particular focus on establishing the type of Citizenship Education Curriculum that teachers believed should be utilized by teachers in the International Schools that are located within Hong Kong. This is considering that these International Schools call materials and even curriculums that are adopted from their country of origin.The concept of the global village according to the study conducted by Walker (2006), has led to the widely encouraged teaching of program line for interdependence among learners located across the World. From the studies conducted by Williams & Humphrys(2003), in regards to global education, he argued that there has been subtle change in regards to the degree of universal cognizance concerning the way of life in other countries since many people are more aware of how people in other parts of the World live. This is in conformity to the st udies conducted by Phillips & Schweisfurth(2008), which urged for the collaboration and comparison in international education globally and it is among this reasons that the concept of Citizenship Education. Williams & Humphrys(2003) described this concept as an educational system that is aimed at equipping foreign students with the knowledge and skills that can enable them to be legally accepted as citizens in a foreign country and also to be simply knowledgeable about other peoples way of life in other parts of the World (Zajda, 2005).Concerns have risen regarding education in the sense that efforts should be put in place for the development of the international perspective amongst youths in order to increase their global development ken (Postiglione & Tan, 2007). Therefore, asGrossman & Lo(2008) noted, the strengthening and implementation of the factor of universal citizenship education in cooperation with the school curriculum is an increasingly important issue in education.Hong Kong is largely dominated by people from the ethnic Chinese community, which means

Is there mutual incompatibility of deep integration, national Essay

Is there mutual inconsistency of deep integration, national sovereignty, and democracy Discuss - Essay ExampleThe process of economical integration however carries with it inherent qualities which seem to be incompatible with the principles of sovereignty and democracy. This paper shall discuss this incompatibility in the Central Eastern European (CEE) region, in the hope of coming up with a clear and comprehensive assessment of the region and on the application of globalization practices.There is a mutual incompatibility of deep integration, national sovereignty and democracy in the CEE region because of the inherent qualities of independent and sovereign states which set them apart from each other. National sovereignty refers to the just of a state in relation to its territories to perform, to the exclusion of any other state, the functions of a state (Strange, 1996, p. 45). Integration, to some extent, demands that sovereignty be given up or relinquished to the region or to the global market. The CEE region is a region which is mainly composed of post-communist countries from Czech Republic to Russia (BlogCamp, 2008). In some instances, it is also cognise as the emerging or the new Europe in the sense that it is slowly emerging in the current digitized world. For example, Ukraine manifested a 100% annual ontogeny of online advertising market for two years in a row (BlogCamp, 2008). The growth of the region in terms of internet usage and economic advances lead be considered in the area of Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova) Central Europe (Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia) Baltics (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and Eastern Balkans (Romania and Bulgaria) (BlogCamp, 2008).In the previous year, analysts were keen to note that the region was headed towards a regional crisis which was very like the East Asia crisis towards the end of the 90s. The crisis showed that the region was rife with problems in its regional

Germans that you hold to be true and admire Essay

Germans that you hold to be true and admire - Essay ExampleAll they want is clear and overt way of the underlying feel that makes them say what they want. the Statesns are not much different either. Americans also feel comfortable making direct and straightforward speech. Both Germans and Americans choose direct and meaningful expression, and both are quite straightforward in general. Germans are truthful in their speech. The confidence that reflects in their straightforwardness originates in their truthfulness. If they tear to someone, they do so by heart and mean it. They are not double faced people, unlike most of the people belonging to other nations. Their wrangle are meaningful because Germans are very dutiful. Most Americans are also dutiful, though there is also a significant population in America that does not fulfill its commitments to others in various matters of daily life. Germans do not waste time. According to Germans, if a job is done correctly but has not been done within the assigned time, this goes against the work ethics. German work ethics place huge emphasis on punctuality, and so do the Americans. Works cited accuracy and Duty. Culture Smart Germany. pp. 41-42.

Primate Evolution Essay Example for Free

Prim take Evolution EssayThe scheme of ontogeny began when man first of all noned his distinct similarity to copycats. The possibility of a common ancester with the advanced(a) apes had been discussed since the mid 1800s, yet it wasnt until Charles Darwin published his book, On the Origin of Species in 1859, that the idea was considered legitimate. Since that time, fossil records have helped us to deliniate and define our evolutionary history and to line the many human- wish species that have lived on the earth over the last 8 million years. Charles Darwin studied a population of finches that had been isolated on the Galapogos Islands, and described the theory of natural selection, whereby over time, apiece finch had changed in ways that made it much successful in a particular niche. He observed quaternityteen different species of finches, all who were very similar, except for the size and shapes of their beaks. He noted how each type of beak was shaped very specifical ly for the type of food the birdwatch ate and explained that the changes were due to the natural selection of the characteristics in a species that made it more successful at obtaining food and at reproducing.If a finch with a meagerly lifelong beak was more efficient at eating termites from holes in trees, he would survive longer and reproduce more than his short beaked counterparts who ate termites. His offspring that inherited his slightly longer beak would also survive longer and reproduce more. Over time, the longer beaked finches would be more rich than the shorter beaked version within that particular niche and the adaptation would flourish while the shorter beaked finches would die out.Eventually, speciation occured (the development into procreatively separate species), as the termite eaters with longer beaks became more distinctly separate within their environment and became reproductively isolated. This gradual change of a segment of a population into reproductively di fferent species, in response to an environmental wardrobe (competition) for survival factors is called adaptive radiation. Although Darwin mentioned nothing about human evolution in his first book, his science minded peers were able to understand how his theory employ to humans.Initially there was much debate by the general population over the idea that humans could have evolved from the same lineage as an ape, but by 1870s, the scientific community had already come to the general conclusion that a fossil record would be found in Africa, where our great ape relatives were found. In the 1920s, as predicted, Raymond Dart found bones from Australopithecus africanus, a hominid who lived between 2-3 million years ago in the Pliocene Era.They were discovered in a cave in Africa. From the skeletal structure he was able to pay off that the specimen was bipedal a defining trait of humans, and the size of its braincase was between that of modern humans and apes. Since that time, paleoanth ropologists have been able to trace the evolutionary history of the primates including hominids, for some 85 million years and can determine many facts about their lifestyle through the study of fossils and other artifacts (ONeal, 2006).There is not a complete record, and although paleoanthropologists have presented us with many pieces of the puzzle, we do not know exactly how man evolved into the species we ar today. Some re dependers have speculated that many of our essential traits were due to adaptations for an aboreal life. The premise of this idea is that as angiosperms became prevailant, an overlapping canopy developed that allowed cross movement from tree to tree. The canopy was a niche that had little competition and provided advantages for primates. Over time and through natural selection, primates took to the trees.They developed apposable thumbs and short finger nailed, grasping hands for holding onto branches, binocular vision for depth perception, and more complex br ains to be able to better deal with dimension and complex navigation (Simons, 1992). The difficulty with this idea is determining why, since there are other aboreal animals without these characteristics, primates developed them. There had to be some other factors that added the pressure for choice of these characteristics in primates. A primary characteristic of hominids is bipedalism. We likely developed from a chimpanzee-like, knuckle walking ancestor.The reason for the change from using all four limbs for locomotion to standing upright, on two limbs is unknown. There are several theories that contract on environmental conditions as being the motivating factor. One such(prenominal) theory is called the Savannah Hypothesis which proposes that due to drier conditions, the African forests thinned and disapeared. Bipedalism developed both as an adaptation to facilitate movement across the grasslands and as a way to give early hominids use of their hands for food cultivation and tool use since they were no longer needed for locomotion (Simons, 1992).The pressures that provide evolutionary trends are those that are required for the species improved survival. We immediately think of food and shelter, but perhaps the most critical in insuring the continuation of a species is reproductive strategy. Primate reproductive strategies today include those that are monogmous (one male and one female), those that are polygynous (one male and multiple females), those that are polandrous (one female, multiple males), and those that are promiscuous (multiple males, multiple females).Eighty percent of primates practice polygyny, eighteen percent practice monogomy, with polandry seen only in some of the Callitrichids, the marmosets and tamarins, and promiscuity seen in chimps. The evolution of polygyny can be easily rationalized. In polygynous strategies, the egg has a high energy cost and the female puts her energy into child care. Males may help with childcare as well, but females have a long period of gestation and then a period of lactation, so childcare is their primary focus.Females must focus also on food, not only for themselves, but for their offspring, whether directly or as an energy source for lactation. Therefore, female primates will naturally search for food sources. It is advantageous for females to congregate for childcare, for shared food sources and for safety. Reproductive success for a female primate is through the foc utilise care of each someone offspring. Males do not have the same enforced biological costs throughout the reproductive process. Sperm are easily produced in large quantities at a low energy cost.Reproductive success for males is through the number off offspring he can produce. Under these circumstances, polygyny is the most efficient reproductive strategy for species survival (ONeal, 2006). Mongomous primates have a different environment. Monogomy is driven by the spacial arrangements of females or when the males r ole in childcare is critical. When females do not gather, it is logistically not feasible for the male to obtain additional mates. Gibbon females will not tolerate another female in her claimed territory.The males capacity have the tendancy toward polygyny, but the females wont allow it. Monogomy in tamarins is necessary because of the relative size of the offspring to parent size. The young, although still dependent on enate care, quickly grow to near adult size. It is nearly impossible for a single female to raise her offspring alone. Although reproductive strategy is varied among primates, each species tendancy is based on the evolutionary pressure for their survival and success. Recent fossil discoveries have been able to describe an evolutionary history that dates back as far as 4. million years ago to the Autraliopitecines.An almost complete skeleton was found in 1974 in Hadar, Ethiopia and adopted the name Lucy. This was the first human like homonid. Lucy was bi pedal and h ad a large brain for her body size of 48 inches. Since that time, other fossils of Australopitecines have been uncovered, but Lucy remains the most complete, and is the standard for the species (Primate info Net, 2008). Homo habilis is thought to have descended directly from a species of Australopithecine hominid and lived from approximately 2. 2 to 1. million years ago.Fossils found in Tanzania in 1962 by Louis and Mary Leakey show that Homo habilis was short and had long arms, like the Australipithecines, but had a decrease in facial protrusion, giving it a more human-like appearance. They used rudimentary tools in their hunting and gathering (Primate Info Net, 2008). Homo erectus had a larger brain case than Homo habilis and stood slightly more erect. They also had more sophisticated tools that were able to cut and slice. They had discovered the use of fire and were the first actual hunter-gatherer society.They lived approximately 2. 2 to 1. 1 million years ago and were the firs t to leave Africa and travel throughout the Great Rift Valley (Primate Info Net, 2008). . Homo sapiens archaic or Neanderthal Man inhabited europium and parts of Asia approximately 1. 2 million years ago. They were a fairly sophisticated society. They buried their dead, had fire, ate meat and had modern tools like hand axes and knives. They were competent to a colder climate with short, robust statures and large noses. Their brain capacity was greater than modern humans and they had language.There were probably only about 10,000 Neanderthals and they slowly disappeared as modern man, Homo sapiens sapiens began to appear 200,000 years ago (Primate Info Net, 2008). . Throughout mans evolutionary history there has been a trend toward greater intelligence, mobility and refined physical and mental control. We are evolving each day towards a better version of ourselves. Are we the final model? Or will we eventually be replaced by a more efficient, successful hominid? In all likelihood, we will.